European Journal of Dentistry (EJD)
European Journal of Dentistry (EJD)
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The European Journal of Dentistry is a double-blinded peer-reviewed, Open Access, multidisciplinary international journal addressing various aspects of dentistry. The journal is published with a quarterly frequency.
The journal's board consists of eminent investigators in dentistry from across the globe, coming from different geographical regions. The journal encourages its authors to submit original investigations, reviews, and reports addressing various divisions of dentistry including oral pathology, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, etc. It is available both online and in print. Authors are requested to submit their articles at www.manuscriptmanager.net/ejd.
Abstracting and indexing:
European Journal of Dentistry requires that authors follow the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly work in Medical Journals.
More information can be found here: http://www.icmje.org
Click here for the journal's Ethics Statement.
This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Necdet Adanir
Associate Professor and Coordinator of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
Section Editors
Dr. Takashi Komabayashi
Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA
Dr. Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Dr. Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar
Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Dr. Marco Cicciù
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Dr. Cemil Yesilsoy
Department of Endodontics, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Dr. Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
Department of Dentistry-Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Dr. Muhammad Sohail Zafar
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Munawarah, Saudi Araibia
Dr. Tiago Novaes Pinheiro
Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Dr. Zohaib Khurshid
Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Andrea Enrico Borgonovo
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Dr. Fares Zeidán Chuliá
Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Dr. Ali Murat Aktan
Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Sehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
Dr. Frederico Canato
Martinho Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics-Endodontic Division, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Dr. Rodrigo Giacaman
Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Ruta, Talca, Maule, Chile
Dr. Liviu Steier
Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Dr. Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
Dr. Yasser Khaled
Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and TMD/Orofacial Pain, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Dr. Melinda Madléna
Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Dr. José João Mendes
Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal
Dr. Pavel Cherkas
Department of Oral Physiology and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dr. Adepitan A. Owosho
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA
Dr. Konstantina Delli
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Dr. Arvind Babu Santosh
Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
Dr. Hatem M. El-Damanhoury
Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
Dr. Javier Mareque Bueno
Department of Oral Surgery, Facultat d’Odontologia, UIC Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Dr. Domenico Dalessandri
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Dr. Sonam Khurana
Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas, USA
Dr. Ikenna Isiekwe
Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Dr. Selma Jakupovic
Department of Restorative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
Dr. Majid Ebrahimi
Department of Endodontics, Umeå University, Vårdvetarhuset, Umeå, Sweden
Dr. Arlette Suzy Setiawan
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Dr. Mustafa Alkhader
Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
Dr. Ana Pejcic
Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
Dr. Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Dr. Alida Mahyuddin
Department of Family Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Dr. Lucio Souza Goncalves
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Board of Reviewers
Dr. James Tsoi
Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Sai Wan, Hong Kong, China
Dr. Umer Daood
Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Dr. Nathan S. Birnbaum
Department of Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Dr. Philippe Sleiman
Department of Endodontics, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Dr. Gal Hiltch
Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Dr. Edward Lynch
Principal Director of Biomedical and Clinical Research, School of Dental Medicine, State University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
Dr. Renato de Toledo Leonardo
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Dr. Vinicius Rosa
Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Dr. Herve Tassery
Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nano-science, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
Dr. Jose Antonio Poli de Figueiredo
Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Dr. Nachum Samet
Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Dr. Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
Division of Endodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Dr. Dinesh Rokaya
Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Dr. Ramanarayana Boyapati
Department of Periodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Yeon Jung Kim
Department of Implantology, Department of Implantology, University of Santo Amaro-UNISA, São Paulo, Brazil
Dr. Francisco Vera-Sempere
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, La Fe University Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Dr. Javed A. Qazi
Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Dr. Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Dr. Prashant Bhasin
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Gaetano Isola
Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Scientific Advisory Board
Dr. Paul Vincent Abbott
UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Dr. Tayfun Alacam
Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey
Dr. Khalid Almas
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
Dr. Athanasios E. Athanasiou Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Dr. Daniel W. Boston
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Dr. Serge Bouillaguet
Endodontics Unit, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Dr. William W. Brackett
Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA
Dr. Lorenzo Breschi
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Dr. Mijin Choi
Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
Dr. David L. Cochran
Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
Dr. M. Ali Darendeliler
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Dr. Douglas S. Darling
Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Dr. Mark Devlin
Department for Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
Dr. Marianne Federlin
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Dr. Lorenzo Franchi
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
Dr. Mark G. Hans
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Dr. Varun Jindal
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Dr. Martin Jung
Policlinic for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Justus- Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
Dr. Nicholas Kalavrezos
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, University College London Hospital, Bloomsbury, London, UK
Dr. Sharukh S. Khajotia
Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
Dr. Stavros Kiliaridis
Department of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Dr. Fatma Yesim Kirzioglu
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Dogu Kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
Dr. Enver Sedat Kucukay
Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
Dr. Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Dr. Robert M. Love
School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Griffith Health Centre, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
Dr. Martha E. Nunn
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Dr. Pertti Pirttiniemi
Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
Dr. Raustia Aune
Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Dr. Paul A. Rosenberg
Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
Dr. Stephen F. Rosenstiel
Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Dr. Axel Ruprecht
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Florida, USA
Dr. Camila Sabatini
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, New York, USA
Dr. Tuula Salo
Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Dr. Paul F. van der Stelt
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit and University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Dr. Kathy K. H. Svoboda
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
Dr. Thomas E. Van
Dyke Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Dr. Bart Van Meerbeek
KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Dr. Luca Testarelli
Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
Dr. Hakan Turkkahraman
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
Dr. Serdar Usumez
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bezmi Alem, Istanbul, Turkey
Dr. Michael H. Walter
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Dr. Hom-Lay Wang
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Dr. Derrick Willmot
The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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